Elevated levels of platelet derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with scleroderma.

Objective. Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) frequently affects the lungs, and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is one of its major complications. The pathophysiology of SSc lung disease is poorly understood, but recent studies document an inflammatory process resembling that of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with increased numbers of activated alveolar macrophages and granulocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. We determined levels of 2 potentially important mediators of fibroproliferative repair in BAL fluid from patients with SSc. Methods. Using Western blot and ELISA techniques we measured levels of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in BAL fluid from patients with SSc and healthy controls. The mitogenic effect of these cytokines on SSc lung myofibroblasts was determined by [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation. Results. SSc BAL fluid contains significantly elevated levels of PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB. Where TGF-β1 was significantly elevated in SSc lavage fluid, the amount of TGF-β2 was significantly less than that observed in normal lavage fluid. Myofibroblasts cultured from SSc lavage fluid exhibited enhanced [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation upon exposure to the growth factors present in SSc BAL fluid : PDGF and TGF-β1. SSc lung myofibroblasts pretreated with TGF-β1 exhibited an enhanced mitogenic effect upon stimulation by PDGF, due in part to the induction of the PDGF α receptor. Conclusion. Our studies support a role for PDGF and TGF-β1 in the pathogenesis of SSc lung disease.