Biobank/Genomic Research in Nigeria: Examining Relevant Privacy and Confidentiality Frameworks.

Nigeria’s commitment to genomic research and biobanking is beyond dispute. Proof, if there is need for one, is that Nigeria is one of only six countries (others are Canada, China, Japan, United Kingdom and United States) involved in the International HapMap Project. The HapMap Project is an innovative enterprise aimed at developing a haplotype map of the human genome, a tool that is helpful to studying the genetic basis of disease as well as the genetic or hereditary factors that contribute to variation in response to environmental factors, in susceptibility to infection, and in the effectiveness of, and adverse responses to, drugs and vaccines. In addition, the country is home to H3Africa biobank (with 45, 358 human samples in storage), affiliated with the Institute of Human Virology of Nigeria (IHVN), and several others. Benefits accruing from genomic research and biobanking are enormous; so also is protection of research subjects. The protection envisaged centers primarily on, inter alia, securing informed consent, safeguarding privacy and maintaining confidentiality of health information – all of which are enshrined in ethicolegal regimes in Nigeria. But whether these frameworks are consistent with international best practices is not clear, hence the need for this paper.