Research progress in sustainable management technology of major rice pests and diseases in China in recent years

Several effective non-chemical pest and disease management techniques have been put forward, considering the dilemma whether to control pests for high yield or maintain pollution-free rice production. The technique of interplanting rice varieties with different genetic background and resistance levels to pests and diseases was effective, which could control the rice blast by 42.12%-76. 68% , significantly inhibit the nymphae number of white-backed planthoppers, increase glutinous rice or high-quality rice by 600-1050 kg/ha, and increase income by 1 500 $/ha. The technique of raising fish in paddy fields could decrease rice planthoppers by 63.77%-86.89% , inhibit rice sclerotial blight by 70.52% , and control paddy weeds by 89. 57% . Three hundred and ninteen point five to 1 177. 5 kg/ha of fresh fish could be harvested and the rice yield increased by 7. 05%-10. 11% compared with the control. The technique of raising ducks in paddy fields could control rice planthoppers, rice borers, rice sclerotial bligh and paddy weeds by 63.73 %-77.18 % , 30.11 % , 19.33%-67. 03% , 91. 96% , respectively, reduce chemical fertilizer and pesticide usage by 30. 6% , and cut costs by 1987.05 $/ha.