Biofertilizers’ functionality in organic agriculture entrenching sustainability and ecological protection

Abstract Global food demand fulfillment highly depends on the use of agrochemicals. Ecological and human health have been considerably blemished due to the utilization of synthetic chemical fertilizers (SCF) for pedospheric management. In addition to their profound inherent toxicity to biota, SFC are also remarkably known for the deterioration of the ecological compartments, i.e., lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. In addition to their temporary role in immediate pedospheric fertilization, continued used of SCFs can damage soil fertility in the long term. The use of traditional fertilizing agents, e.g., compost, domestic waste, or manure are marked by their environmental suitability but their efficiency is not equivalent to SCFs. Biofertilizers are an efficient alternative to such SCFs due to their sustainable nature and eco-friendliness. Microorganisms based biofertilizers based on mycological and bacterial strains are known for adequate promotion of the pedospheric fertility. Biofertilizer preparation and use are inclusive of both biotechnological and agricultural domains. This chapter has for the first time elucidated the most recent advances achieved in the utilization of biofertilizers in organic agriculture. Furthermore, the chapter also provides an account of myco- and bacterial-assisted biofertilization in terms of the botanical maturation, productivity, adequacy of nutrients, defensive mechanisms, and sustainability concerns. This study is an indicative of the remarkability of biofertilizers in achieving sustainable organic agriculture.