A comprehensive survey on conventional and modern neural networks: application to river flow forecasting

This study appraises different types of conventional (e.g., GRNN, RBNN, & MLPNN) and modern neural networks (e.g., integrative, inclusive, hybrid, & recurrent) in forecasting daily flow in the Thames River located in the United Kingdom. The models are mathematically, statistically, and diagnostically compared based on the forecasted results for ten different time-series assortments. The results indicate that all the neural network models acceptably forecasted the daily flow rate, with mean values of R2 > 0.92 and RMSE   0.94 and RMSE < 15.3 m3/s), they were not as computationally effective as the other applied models.