Mother-Daughter Relationships, Self-Esteem, and Problem Solving: Do Socialization Practices Matter?

This article addresses how racial/ethnic socialization practices shape self-esteem and influence problem-solving skills among African Americans. Attachment theory provides a conceptual model for understanding the importance of the parent-child relationship with regard to stress management. Empirical studies bolster the discussion of culturally relevant socialization practices that influence whether stress management among African American women is reduced or increased with each generation. The article concludes with practice, research, and pedagogical implications.