Critical appraisal of human bladder regeneration

Two cases of complete failure of bladder wall regeneration are described. In the first case subtotal cystectomy was performed and peritoneal flap was used to repair the bladder wall. In the second, excision of the entire bladder mucosa was carried out and the was closed. Bladder tumors were indications for using the principle of hypothetical bladder regeneration in both cases. Lack of the regeneration of muscular fibers as well as of epithelium has been proved by histological examination six months after operation. The regenerative power of bladder muscle and epithelium —if any — is limited in extent. This should be borne in mind when the principle of bladder regeneration is considered in clinical practice.