Nrf2-Keap1 system protects the skin from ultraviolet damage: an update

Ultraviolet irradiation is an important environmental factor causing skin photodamage, which is associated with the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a central regulator of cellular antioxidant responses, and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) is its specific receptor. After activated by ultraviolet-induced oxidative stress or other factors, Nrf2 detaches from Keap1 and enters into the cell nucleus followed by the triggering of expression of antioxidase genes and antioxidant response element-regulated phase 2 enzyme genes, which in turn protect the skin from ultraviolet damage. Many agonists of Nrf2 have a potential protective effect against ultraviolet-induced injury to skin. Key words: Ultraviolet rays;  Injuries;  Reactive oxygen species