Design and verification of monopole patch antenna systems to generate orbital angular momentum waves

Monopole patch antenna systems, which can generate orbital angular momentum (OAM) waves at 2.4GHz, are proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna systems have advantages of simple planar structure and small size of antenna element. Design, simulation, fabrication and measurement of the proposed antenna systems are presented. Two feeding networks, which constitute the proposed antenna systems with monopole patch antenna array, are designed to generate modes 1 and 2 of OAM waves. The antenna systems for both modes are shown to be effective in generating OAM waves of modes 1 and 2 from both simulation and three types of measurement: radiation pattern, phase distribution and phase gradient. Simulation and measurement results of radiation pattern and phase distribution have shown very close results. Phase gradient measurement results has verified that the generated waves from the antenna systems are indeed OAM waves.