Nascap-2k Self-Consistent Simulations of a VLF Plasma Antenna

We simulate the plasma response through tens of cycles of the Demonstration and Science Experiments (DSX) kilovolt near-square-wave very low frequency (VLF) (0.1-50 kHz) antenna in Medium Earth Orbit plasma with Nascap-2k. DSX is an Air Force Research Laboratory experiment that will explore the physics of electromagnetic wave injection from space transmitters, wave propagation, and wave-particle interactions in the magnetosphere. DSX will transmit and receive VLF waves and quantify their effect on the trapped electron populations in the magnetosphere. In these preflight calculations, the plasma is modeled with a hybrid particle-in-cell (PIC) approach with PIC ions and fluid barometric electron densities. The plasma response, collected ion currents, and chassis floating potential are computed self-consistently with a near-square-wave bias applied to the antennas. Particle injection and splitting are used to replenish the plasma depleted at the boundary, represent the thermal distribution, and maintain appropriately sized macroparticles. Therefore, limitation of current due to the thermal distribution of ions and the resulting angular momentum barrier is included. Above the ion plasma frequency, the plasma current lags the voltage by about 10, while below the ion plasma frequency, the current leads the voltage by about 7 . The volume ion current shows periodic launch of blocks of energetic ions radially outward.