Technique for producing acrylic acid and ester thereof by biomass lactic acid ester dehydration

The invention discloses a process of preparing acrylic acid and acrylic ester through biomass lactate ester dehydration. In the process, lactate ester aqueous solution is heated to 120-200 DEG C to be gasified; obtained lactate ester and water mixing steam is mixed with carrier gas; mixed gas continues to be heated to 200-450 DEG C and then enters a gas-solid catalytic reactor to be dehydrated via the action of modified Y zeolite catalyst, so as to obtain reaction product gas; the reaction product gas is cooled and rinsed and then passes through an acid separation tower, so as to obtain acrylic acid solution and acrylic ester solution; crude acrylic acid is obtained from the acrylic acid solution through azeotropic rectification; crude acrylic ester is obtained from the acrylic ester solution orderly through extraction and two-step rectification. The invention puts forward the technological process of preparing acrylic acid and acrylic ester through lactate ester dehydration for the first time. The technological process can be well applied to the large scale production which uses biomass lactate ester as raw material and uses modified Y zeolite as catalyst to carry out catalytic dehydration so as to obtain acrylic acid and acrylic ester, which has good industrial application value.