Cost Analysis of Neonatal Circumcision in a Large Health Maintenance Organization

Purpose: We studied the costs of newborn circumcision in relation to its health benefits later in life.Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective database analysis using direct internal cost data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California—a large health maintenance organization—and published cost data (including the cost of medically indicated postneonatal circumcision). The study cohort consisted of 14,893 male infants born in 1996. One-way sensitivity analysis was used to demonstrate the impact of selected variables in the model. Monte Carlo analysis was used to determine the 95% confidence intervals.Results: Postneonatal circumcision was 10 times as expensive as neonatal circumcision ($1,921 per infant vs $165 per newborn), and was medically indicated for 9.6% of uncircumcised males. Cost benefits of circumcision resulted from prevention of infant urinary tract infection, balanoposthitis, phimosis, HIV infection and penile cancer. Assuming initial neonatal circumcision cost to be $200, the fut...