Application of GPS and GNSS technology in geosciences

Abstract Global Positioning System (GPS) is a global navigational satellite system developed by the United States Department of Defense. This technology is available only with America, Russia (GLONASS), China (BeiDou), and Japan (Quasi-Zenith Satellite System). In this, the navigation systems of America and Russia are global, while countries like China and Japan are using it regionally. The European Union has also completed preparations to start its navigation system. In terms of surveying, mapping technology, and engineering construction, it is used not only in the establishment of Earth control networks but also in the establishment of land and ocean geodetic survey benchmarks. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) framework is one of the four major positioning systems, mainly GPS, GLONASS, GNS, and BeiDou, in the world. This chapter describes the application of GPS and GNSS Technology in Geosciences like rescue and relief projects, agriculture, dynamic observation, time transmission, speed measurement, vehicle guidance, and other fields.