EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN NANOPARTIKEL KITOSAN-IOPAMIDOL MENGGUNAKAN NEBULIZER PADA SALURAN PERNAPASAN AYAM BROILER BERDASARKAN HASIL PENCITRAAN SINAR-X

ABSTRAK. Penyakit pernapasan khususnya pada ayam, diperlukan penghantaran obat yang langsung ke organ target dengan cara diinhalasi menggunakan alat nebulizer. Alat ini menghasilkan aerosol mampu mencapai paru-paru dan langsung berefek, dengan berbasis nanopartikel dapat meningkatkan bioavaibilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat efektivitas inhalasi nebulizer termodifikasi dikombinasi dengan nanopartikel kitosan-iopamidol terhadap organ target di saluran pernapasan ayam broiler. Sintesis nanopartikel metode gelasi ionik, dipreparasi dengan kitosan 0,1% dan natrium tripolifosfat 0,1% dalam cup nozzle 0,3 mm, rasio volume 5:1, ditambah 150 ml iopamidol 30,6 mg/ml dan  diaduk 1300-1500 rpm. Partikel diukur dengan alat: Particle Size Analizer dan Scanning Electron Microscope. Nebulizer ultrasonik dan kompresor dipasang pada chamber 35 cm x 24 cm x 29 cm. Pemeriksaan radiologi tujuh ekor ayam umur 2 minggu, enam ekor masing-masing diinhalasi satu dari dua nebulizer dengan satu dari tiga macam larutan (nanopartikel kitosan, nanopartikel kitosan-iopamidol, dan iopamidol konsentrasi 30,6 mg/ml) sebanyak 3 ml. Kemudian dilakukan pemindaian dengan sinar-x. Hasil pengukuran partikel didapat z-avarage: 409,3 nm, indek polidisperitas 0,53 dan bentuk cenderung bulat. Citra radiograf menunjukkan radiopaque pada saluran pernapasan terutama kantong hawa yang diinhalasi nanopartikel kitosan-iopamidol. Kesimpulan, aerosol yang dihasilkan kedua jenis nebulizer termodifikasi yang dikombinasi dengan media kontras formulasi nanopartikel dapat mencapai saluran pernapasan ayam broiler. Kata kunci: ayam broiler, inhalasi, nebulizer, nanopartikel, sinar-x ABSTRACT. Respiratory diseases, especially in chickens, need proper treatment to deliver drugs directly to the target organs by means of inhalation using a nebulizer. This tool produces aerosols capable of reaching the lungs and having a healer effect immediately, with nanoparticles-based administration which can increase bioavailability. This study aimed to look at the effectiveness of modified inhalation nebulizer in combination with chitosan-iopamidol nanoparticles on target organs in the respiratory tract of broiler chickens. The nanoparticle synthesis of ionic gelation method was prepared with 0.1% chitosan and 0.1% sodium tripolyphosphate in 0.3 mm cup nozzle, with volume ratio 5: 1, plus 150 mL iopamidol 30.6 mg / mL then centrifuged on 1300-1500 rpm. Particles were measured by means of: Particle Size Analizer and Scanning Electron Microscope. Ultrasonic Nebulizer and compressor were installed in chamber with the size of 35 cm x 24 cm x 29 cm. Radiology examination of seven chickens with 2-week-old age was conducted by inhaling one of two nebulizers with one of three solutions (chitosan nanoparticles, chitosan-iopamidol nanoparticles, and iopamidol with the concentrations of 30.6 mg / mL) in the amount of 3 mL to six chickens (1 chicken was the control). Then x-ray scanning was carried out. The results of particle measurement obtained z-avarage in the amount of 409.3 nm, index of polydisperity of 0.53 and form tend to be spherical. Radiographic images revealed the existance of radiopaque in the respiratory tract, especially the bag of air inhaled chitosan-iopamidol nanoparticles. Therefore, the aerosols produced by the two types of modified nebulizers in combination with the nanoparticle formulation contrast media can reach the respiratory tract of broiler chickens. Keywords: broiler chicken, inhalation, nanoparticles, nebulizer, x-rays