Tenacigenin B ester derivatives from Marsdenia tenacissima actively inhibited CYP3A4 and enhanced in vivo antitumor activity of paclitaxel

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn is a vine distributed in southwest area of China and used in folk medicine for treatment of tumors. Recent decades of studies on this plant reveal its synergistic effects with certain anticancer drugs in cancer therapy. In our previous study, an extract ETA which contains total aglycones made from M. tenacissima significantly enhanced antitumor activity of paclitaxel in tumor-bearing mice. However, the effective constituents in ETA and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Aim of the study Reveal the active components in ETA as well as the molecular mechanism in enhancing antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel. Material and methods Main constituents in ETA were purified by chemical methods. Effects of the purified constituents on metabolic activity of CYP450 enzymes were evaluated in human liver microsomes. Ability of the constituents to enhance antitumor activity of paclitaxel were investigated in nude mice bearing HeLa tumors. Pharmacokinetic study was performed in SD rats. Molecular docking was carried out for investigation of drug-protein interactions. Results Three main C 21 steroidal aglycones, 11α- O -tigloyl-12β- O -acetyl-tenacigenin B ( MT1 ), 11α- O -2-methylbutanoyl-12β- O -tigloyl-tenacigenin B ( MT2 ) and 11α- O -2-methylbutanoyl-12β- O -acetyl-tenacigenin B ( MT3 ), together with tenacigenin B ( MT4 ) was prepared from ETA. Among them, MT1 , MT2 and MT3 strongly inhibit the metabolic activity of CYP3A4. MT2 also showed inhibitory effects on CYP2C8, CYP2B6 and CYP2C19. In HeLa tumor xenografts, MT1 , MT2 and MT3 (30 mg/kg) did not affect tumor growth themselves, but significantly enhanced paclitaxel-induced growth inhibition. In addition, coadministration of MT2 with paclitaxel resulted in significant reduction of liver CYP2C8. In pharmacokinetic study, MT2 significantly increased the blood concentration of paclitaxel with increased AUC value by 2.2–5.3 folds. Molecular docking analysis suggested hydrophobic interaction modes of tenacigenin B derivatives with CYP3A4, and also the essential roles of the C-11 and C-12 ester groups for effective interaction with CYP3A4. Conclusion Our study proves that, 11α- O -tigloyl-12β- O -acetyl-tenacigenin B, 11α- O -2-methylbutanoyl-12β- O -tigloyl-tenacigenin B and 11α- O -2-methylbutanoyl-12β- O -acetyl-tenacigenin B, which are the main constituents of ETA, are active inhibitors of CYP3A4 with potential to increase therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs that are substrates of CYP3A4. Tenacigenin B derivatives with C-11 and C-12 ester group substitutions, or at least a large part of them, are active components in ETA and M. tenacissima to enhance in vivo antitumor efficacies of paclitaxel.