Effects of cationic concentrations on controlling the interlayer spacings for highly effective ions rejections via graphene oxide membranes

The effects of cationic concentrations on controlling the interlayer spacings of graphene oxide (GO) membranes are systemically study. We found that higher concentration leads to narrower interlayer spacings, and thus ions in salt solutions are effectively rejected. This provides a new avenue for ions separation using graphene-based membranes.