Unveiling the Structural and Electronic Properties of the B-Nb2O5 Surfaces and Their Interaction with H2O and H2O2

Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5), also known as niobia, has been applied in several areas among others in heterogeneous catalysis. This is due to both its high acidity (Bronsted acid and Lewis acid sites) and its Lewis acid sites tolerant to water. The structure and morphology of these sites present tunable quantity and strength; however, little attention has been given to its polymorphic forms and reactivity. In this work, the surface properties of stoichiometric B phase (B-Nb2O5), including the cleavage surfaces, structural, energetic, and electronic properties, and chemical reactivity toward water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), by means of periodic density functional theory (DFT), have been studied through DFT calculations. An initial investigation was carried out to determine cleavage surface of the B-Nb2O5. Our results show that the B-Nb2O5 (010)-2 surface is the most stable (surface energy 0.52 J m–2) of the surfaces studied. Projected density of state (PDOS) analysis showed that the niobium atom is a...