Two-Stage Load-Source Coordination for Multi-Microgrid System: a Joint Approach of Demand Response and Peer-to-Peer Transaction

This paper addresses the problem of renewable energy integration of a multi-microgrid system (MMGS) and proposes a joint approach of two-stage load-source coordination. In Stage I (intra-microgrid level), demand response (DR) is applied for achieving the load-source coordination in each single microgrid. The price-responsive-demand model is built and a constrained optimization problem is formulated. In Stage II (inter-microgrid level), peer-to-peer (P2P) transaction is developed for implementing the purchaser-seller coordination among multiple microgrids. The P2P trading procedure is illustrated and rules are designed. A case of MMGS with 30 microgrids is investigated. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of coordination in Stage I since user’s load profile with DR can better follow the output of renewable distributed generator (RDG). Numeric analysis shows coordination results of Stage II and verifies the advantages of P2P over centralized approach due to higher performances in economics and renewable energy penetration.