Integration of the Road Slope in the Optimization of the Energy Management Strategy of a parallel HEV

Abstract Optimization methods for Energy Management Strategy (EMS) are more and more used to minimize the fuel consumption of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). For off-line techniques, such as dynamic programming, from a given driving cycle, an algorithm is defined to determine the optimal power flows of the vehicle. Most of the time, the optimization is achieved by not considering the resistive force due to the road slope, which can be very high in certain roads depending on the mass of the vehicle. This paper aims to quantify the accurate fuel consumption economy when the road slope is integrated or not in the EMS optimization problem of a parallel HEV using dynamic programming.