Double-edged sword behaviour of gallic acid and its interaction with peroxidases in human microvascular endothelial cell culture (HMEC-1). Antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects*
2010
A previous report from our group had shown in vitro a
direct interaction between peroxidases and dietary antioxidants
at physiological concentrations, where in the
absence of H2O2, the antioxidants could serve as oxidizing
substrates for the peroxidases. However, the physiological
relevance of those findings had not been evaluated.
The main objective of this study was to determine
whether the oxidizing products produced in the interaction
between peroxidase and gallic acid at a physiological
concentration of 1 μM may promote cell death or
survival in a human microvascular endothelial cell line
(HMEC-1). Our findings suggested that gallic acid may
show a double-edged sword behaviour, since in the absence
of H2O2 it may have a pro-oxidant effect which
may promote cell injury (evidenced by LDH, Crystal Violet
and calcein AM viability/citotoxicity assays), while in
the presence of H2O2, gallic acid may act as an antioxidant
inhibiting oxidative species produced in the peroxidase
cycle of peroxidases. These observations were confirmed
with several oxidative stress biomarkers and the
evaluation of the activation of cell survival pathways like
AKT and MAPK/ERK.
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