The impact of physical exercise on cognitive and affective functions and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in nursing home residents: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objectives To determine the effects of a multicomponent physical exercise program on cognitive and affective functioning among nursing home residents and to clarify whether there are any changes in serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) among participants. Study design This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial in ten nursing homes in Gipuzkoa, Spain. The study included 112 men and women. Participants in the control group engaged in routine activities while those in the intervention group participated in a six-month individualized, progressive, multicomponent physical exercise program focused on strength, balance, and walking. Main outcome measures Cognitive and affective functions were assessed at baseline and at six months. Serum BDNF levels were assessed via ELISA. Results After six months, a group by time interaction in favor of the intervention group was observed on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), symbol search and De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale (P   0.05). Conclusion A six-month individualized, progressive, multicomponent physical exercise intervention is effective at maintaining cognitive function and decreasing perceptions of loneliness among nursing home residents. Blood levels of BDNF were not affected by the intervention.