Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induces Matrix Metalloproteinases-3, -10, and -13 in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells

Background: Various biologic mediators, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), that are implicated in periodontal tissue breakdown can be induced by cytokines. MMPs are known to degrade periodontal ligament attachment, and bone matrix proteins and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) inhibit the activity of MMPs. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the expression of MMPs in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in vitro and establish which MMPs are expressed specifically in response to that stimulus.Methods: Cultured PDL cells were stimulated with TNF-α and analyzed with an MMP antibody array. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot with cell lysate and zymography were used to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of MMP-3, -10, and -13. To examine TNF receptor (TNFR) expression, PDL cells were examined by flow cytometry, and expression of MMP-3, -10, and -13 was obse...