Progress in Nanomaterial Self-Assembly for Bio-scaffolds: Exclusive Biomedical Applications

Scaffolds and other functional structures along with unique surface chemistry, morphology and interconnectedness to facilitate cell multiplication and adherence is a vital component of Tissue engineering (TE). Not only for cell movement but also for waste molecule excretion and adequate nutrient needs, these are considered to be a necessity. While developing a unique cellular structure like a scaffold, cell types must be taken into consideration; for example, whether cells are allogeneic, xenogeneic, or autologous. In TE, the goal is to create an ordered 3D framework with features and functionality which replicate the extracellular matrix. In such context, scaffolds are being formed with the developing nanotechnology, which fulfils majority of above requirements. This chapter discusses the usage of nanostructures focused on biopolymers, comprising stem cells and biomaterials, bio-nanocomposites and particular clinical scenarios under which these structures were being utilized. We have highlighted the potential difficulties and insights throughout the development of nanocomposites that are non-hazardous and biocompatible with high reliability acting as a catalyst in regeneration of tissues and biomedical applications.