Amino-linked conjugated tetrazole ring passivation strategy facilitating the air-processed perovskite cells with predominant stability-efficiency.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) develop rapidly with certified efficiency over 25.5%, but still exist problems like defects-induced recombination and degradation throughout the whole device. Functional organic small molecule passivation strategies feature diverse and efficient, which promote to the enhancement for efficiency and stability of the PSCs. Here, 5-Aminotetrazole (5ATZ) is introduced for the first time as an effective passivator, where -NH 2 , -NH as active sites tend to interact with the Pb and I related to vacancy defects in perovskites, anchoring defects and preventing further unavoidable ions migration and device degradation. Furthermore, the extensive π electron delocalization around the tetrazole conjugated ring significantly promotes the charge transfer. Therefore, the 5ATZ-processed PSCs offer enhanced voltage and current, giving superior PCE of 19.75% with excellent performance and improved stability, exhibiting one of the best performance in all-air preparation to date. The simultaneous multi-effect passivation strategy of vacancy defects in perovskites, making some contributions to eliminate obstacles on the road to commercialization of PSCs.