Congestion control for cloud gaming over UDP based on round-trip video latency

We describe a network congestion control mechanism for cloud gaming (CG) platforms based on the user datagram protocol (UDP). To minimize the contribution of the downstream transmission delay to the total end-to-end latency in the interaction-perception loop, we first define the round-trip video latency (RTVL) and develop a congestion model. Based on them, we design and implement an adaptation strategy that detects the early stages of congestion to prevent high values of RTVL and network bufferbloat, thus avoiding packet losses. Using data measured from the network, our strategy modifies the target output bitrate of the video encoder to throttle down or upto the data flow sent by the server to the client. In the presence of sudden downstream channel capacity drops of over 40%, our algorithm reactively manages to satisfy the key CG requirements for interactive games by entirely avoiding the packet losses and keeping the RTVL below 100 ms. In reasonably stable network conditions, our algorithm proactively keeps exploring for higher bitrates and building a “network state dictionary,” due to which it achieves an effective downstream channel capacity use of ~95%.