Body weight and glucose metabolism have a different effect on circulating levels of ICAM-1, E-selectin, and endothelin-1 in humans

Background: Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are present in both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. In this paper we compared the role of weight loss and of glycaemic control in determining circulating levels of ICAM-1, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and E-selectin in patients with morbid (grade 3) obesity. Methods and Results: ICAM-1, E-selectin, and ET-1 were higher in obese patients (n ¼ 96) than in lean controls (n ¼ 30); among obese patients, the three molecules were higher in T2DM patients (n ¼ 26) than in patients with normal (NGT, n ¼ 43) or impaired (IGT, n ¼ 27) glucose tolerance. Sixty-eight obese patients had a significant weight loss induced by bariatric surgery, and showed a significant decrease in blood glucose, HbA1c and all molecules, so that ICAM-1, E-selectin, and ET-1 were not different in NGT, IGT and T2DM patients, and in lean controls; in 13 patients with a small weight loss induced by diet, changes were not significant, in spite of a significant reduction in blood glucose and HbA1c. At stepwise regression, changes in ICAM-1, ET-1, and E-selectin significantly correlated only with change in body mass index. Conclusions: These data indicate that weight loss is more important than glycaemic control in regulating circulating levels of ICAM-1, ET-1, E-selectin in morbidly obese subjects.