Newly Described Myositis Autoantibodies: HMGCR, NT5C1A, SAE, PUF60

Myositis autoantibodies can help subset patients into more homologous groups, aiding in diagnosis and helping to predict potential disease complications. In recent years, a number of novel myositis autoantibodies including anti-HMGCR, anti-SAE, anti-CN1A and anti-PUF60 have been identified and characterised, with the majority of myositis patients now having a detectable autoantibody. Preliminary studies have also led to the discovery of a number of emerging myositis autoantibodies including anti-SMN, anti-cortactin, anti-NPC and anti-FHL1, which when fully characterised may provide additional insight into disease pathogenesis as well as providing additional subsets in the serological classification of myositis. This chapter describes the prevalence and clinical associations of these new and emerging biomarkers.