Geometric model for toppling-prone deformation of layered reverse-dip slope

This paper presents the analyses of toppling response of layered reverse-dip slopes under the influence of geometric factors of slope angle, strata thickness and dip. The toppling response of reverse-dip slopes under different geometric factors is obtained by using the discrete element code UDEC. Then, a prediction model for toppling deformation is developed by utilizing support vector machine and the toppling-prone combinations of these geometric factors are determined from a total of 120 samples of reverse-dip slopes. The study has shown that the geometric model is a quarter of a spheroid with a slope angle of 80°, a strata dip of 80°, and a strata thickness of 0.19 m as the center. The length of the long equatorial radius of the spheroid is 31° (strata dip axial), that of the short equatorial radius is 21° (slope angle axial), and the polar radius is 0.075 m (strata thickness axial). And the ratio of long equatorial radius, short equatorial radius, and polar radius is 2.48:1.68:1.00.