Clinical physiology of the venous system

* Introduction. 0.1. Historical Account. 0.2. Embryology and Development of Venous System. 0.3. Anatomical Features. References. Preface. Abbreviations. * 1. Hydrodynamic and Rheologic Laws Applied to the Venous Circulation. 1.1. Hydrostatic Pressure in Veins. 1.2. Flow, Pressure and Resistance. 1.3. Velocity. 1.4. Resistance, Conductance and the Viscosity in the Venous System. References. * 2. Veins and Their Functions. 2.1. Veins as Conduct. 2.2. Veins as a Reservoir. 2.3. Venous Return and the Filling Pressure. 2.4. Venous Return and Regulation of Cardiac Function. 2.5. The Role in the Optimization of the Circulatory System. 2.6. The Role of the Venous System in Exchange Processes. 2.7. The Role of the Vein in Synthesis of Biologically Active Substances, Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. 2.8. Special Region Functions of the Genes. References. * 3. Venous Wall - Morphological and Functional Aspects. 3.1. Venous Endothelium. 3.2. Venous Smooth Muscle. 3.3. Venous Adventitia. References. * 4. Regulation of the Venous Tone. 4.1. Neural Control. 4.2. Hormones and Venous Control. 4.3. Local Control. 4.4. Other Factors Involved in the Modulation of Venous Tone. 4.5. Myogenic Control. 4.6. Pharmacological Effects. References. * 5. Varicose Disease. 5.1. Generalities. 5.2. Etiopathogeny. 5.3. Primary Varicose Veins (Hydrostatics). 5.4. Recurrent Varices after Surgery (REVAS). * 6. Thromboembolic Venous Disease. 6.1. Generalities. 6.2. Etiopathogeny. 6.3. Etiologic Classification of DVT. 6.4. Stages of the Thrombus Formation. 6.5. Clinical Evolution. 6.6. Clinical Forms. 6.7. Laboratory-Imaging Studies. 6.8. Evolution. 6.9. Complications. 6.10. Treatment of the Acute Vein Thrombosis and of the Consequences. 6.11. Particular Forms of Thrombophlebitis. * 7. Chronic Venous Insufficiency of the Inferior Limbs (C.V.I.). 7.1. Definition. 7.2. Etiology. 7.3. Physiopathology. 7.4. Classification of CVI. 7.5. Symptomatology in CVI. 7.6. Investigations. Particular Clinical Forms of CVI. 7.8. CVI Treatment. * 8. Congenital Disturbances of Vascular Genesis. 8.1. Generalities. 8.2. Classification. * 9. Miscellaneous Veins Pathology. 9.1. Veins and Pregnancy. 9.2. The Veins in Reconstructive Surgery. 9.3. Vein Cuffs. 9.4. Venous Aneurysm. 9.5. Venous Trauma of Inferior Limbs. References Chapters: 5 - 9.