Multiaxial plane-strain forging and rolling of biomedical grade titanium: Evolution of microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties

Abstract Multiaxial plane-strain forging and rolling were imparted to biomedical grade titanium polycrystal billets up to e effiective ≈ 5.0 at ambient conditions. Equiaxed nanostructure, optimized dislocation substructure, and prismatic fiber texture were obtained. The material showed significant enhancement in ambient strength to ∼1.1GPa, e fracture ≈ 0.36 , and toughness ≈ 279 J / m 2 . A high strain-hardening exponent ( n = 0.17 ) and anisotropy r - = 1.56 , Δ r = 0.09 acquired indicate high formability and deep-drawing ability.