Optimal placement of wavelength converters in WDM networks for parallel and distributed computing systems

Advances in electro-optic technologies have made optical networks a promising choice to meet the increasing demands for higher bandwidth and lower communication latency of high-performance computing and communication applications. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) [5, 13] is basically frequency division multiplexing in the optical frequency domain, where on a single optical fiber there are multiple communication channels at different wavelengths.