Institutions and forest tenure in the Russian forest policy

An estate planning method for minimizing transfer tax liability with respect to the transfer of the value of stock options from a holder of stock options to a family member of the holder. The method comprises establishing a Grantor Retained Annuity Trust (GRAT) funded with nonqualified stock options. The method maximizes the transfer of wealth from the grantor of the GRAT to a family member by minimizing the amount of estate and gift taxes paid. By placing the options outside the grantor's estate, the method takes advantage of the appreciation of the options in said GRAT. In one embodiment the method also maximizes the amount transferred to the family member by keeping as many of the options as possible in the GRAT until immediately prior to the termination of the GRAT, when the grantor substitutes an equivalent value of assets into the GRAT for the remaining options, and then exercises the options. The method is used for evaluation purposes in establishing the GRAT, and responds to a variety of grantor-selected options. An Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust (ILIT) may also be established to provide life insurance should the grantor die before the termination of the GRAT. If the GRAT continues until its natural termination date the ILIT will receive the assets of said GRAT and may purchase further life insurance on the grantor.