Performance analysis of a ultra-compact low-power rectenna in paper substrate for RF energy harvesting

In this paper the experimental results of a compact low-power rectenna in paper substrate, designed to operate in the Wi-Fi band, are presented. The complete prototype, based on an annular slot antenna and a single-diode rectifier, features a weight of 1.5 grams and shows an RF-to-dc conversion efficiency in the design band of about 40 % for a −10 dBm available input power, of about 28 % at −15 dBm, and in the range [10, 22] % at −20 dBm, corresponding to an output DC voltage in the order of 320, 240 and 60 mV respectively. Additionally, the rectenna features an efficiency higher then 7 % in the whole band 1.8–2.7 dBm for a power density estimated around 3 µW/cm2.