Isolated symptomatic midcervical stenosis of the internal carotid artery

All carotid arteriograms performed between January 1, 1986 and December 31, 1991 were reviewed for instances of midcervical carotid stenosis. Sixteen cases were identified. A stenosis related to the hypoglossal nerve was specifically identified in three operative reports in the retrospective review. Pathologic examinations of the specimens confirmed the presence of atherosclerotic plaque or fibrous dysplasia. In another case, relief of intermittent neurologic symptoms (TIAs) was obtained by division of the tylohyoid ligament. Prospective observation of five cases confirmed a stenosis immediately distal to a transverse neurofascial band formed by the hypoglossal nerve, which arose with the varus nerve in three patients, and a large cervical contribution to the ansa hypoglossi in two. Presumably the lesion was caused by the turbulent low in the internal carotid artery distal to the band. Isolated stenosis of the midcervical internal carotid artery unrelated to bifurcation disease may be the result of turbulence induced by tethering neural or myofascial bands.