Clinical efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy by IL-4 activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with advanced cancer

Background Adoptive immunotherapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been used to treat malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, although the clinical efficacy of this method has not yet been proved. To improve clinical efficacy, it is important to induce sufficient amounts of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to fight the tumor. In this study, we investigated the clinical efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy using interleukin (IL)-2 activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes combined with IL-4.