Paper-based solid-state electrochemiluminescence sensor using poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) functionalized graphene/nafion composite film.

Herein, highly efficient solid-state ECL sensor was introduced for the first time onto the screen printed electrodes of the paper-based chips (PCs) based on the composite film of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) functionalized graphene (PSSG) and Nafion. Attributed to the cooperative characteristics of both PSS and graphene, PSSG ensured both effective Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) immobilization and fast electron transfer of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) in the composite film. The ECL behaviors at the developed sensor were investigated using tripropylamine as a representative analyte and low detection limit (S N-1 =3) of 5.0 nM was obtained. It also exhibited more excellent reproducibility (relative standard deviations of 0.63% for continuous 45 cycles) and long-term stability (similar to 80% of its initial ECL intensity could be retained over 3 months). More importantly, assisted by the developed ECL sensor, discrimination of 1.0 nM single-nucleotide mismatch in human urine matrix could be realized on the PCs for the first attempt. Thus, the developed sensor was confirmed with the advantages of highly sensitivity, long-term stability, simplicity, low cost, disposability, high efficiency and potential applicability. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.