On Imbalance of Impulse Control and Sensation Seeking and Adolescent Risk: An Intra-individual Developmental Test of the Dual Systems and Maturational Imbalance Models.
2021
Heterogeneity in development of imbalance between impulse control and sensation seeking has not been studied until now.
The present study scrutinized this heterogeneity and the link between imbalance and adolescent risk. Seven-wave data of
7,558 youth (50.71% males; age range from 12/13 until 24/25) were used. Three developmental trajectories were identified.
The first trajectory, “sensation seeking to balanced sensation seeking”, included participants with a higher level of sensation
seeking than impulse control across all ages. The second trajectory, “moderate dominant control”, included participants
showing moderate and increasing impulse control relative to sensation seeking across all ages. The third trajectory, “strong
late dominant control”, included participants showing the highest level of impulse control which was about as strong as
sensation seeking from early to middle adolescence and became substantially stronger from late adolescence to early
adulthood. Although the systematic increase of impulse control in all subgroups is in line with both models, neither of these
combined trajectories of control and sensation seeking was predicted by the Dual Systems Model or the Maturational
Imbalance Model. Consistent with both models the “sensation seeking to balanced sensation seeking” trajectory showed the
highest level of substance use. It can be concluded that, even though both theories adequately predict the link between
imbalance and risk, neither the Dual Systems Model nor the Maturational Imbalance Model correctly predict the
heterogeneity in development of imbalance between impulse control and sensation seeking.
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