Line-shifting method in electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) studies

A novel line-shifting method, which is called mixing-frequency electron spin echo envelope modulation (MIF-ESEEM) spectroscopy, is introduced and analysed. It is shown that the spectral resolution is enhanced, and thus the overlapping is removed with this new method. The application of this method to systems withS≥1 andI≥1 is also discussed.