Psychological factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background Both depression and anxiety are identified as significant experiences in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); whether these are a consequence of the disease or an active contributor to the disease remains controversial. This review aimed to identify and critique recent evidence regarding mental health in IBD. Sources of data PubmedⓇ, OvidⓇ, EmbaseⓇ, EBSCO PsychInfo and Google-Scholar were searched within the last 5 years (2016-2020). Areas of agreement Overall, both depression and anxiety affect disease activity, relapse and healthcare utilization. Areas of controversy There is some controversy on whether depression and anxiety affect IBD outcomes differently depending on IBD subtype. Growing points The data support the need for depression and anxiety assessment to be incorporated in the routine management of IBD patients; prompt psychiatric and psychological management may ultimately reduce disease activity, relapses and healthcare costs. Areas timely for developing research More longitudinal research may further enlighten the role of depression and anxiety in IBD. Similarly, randomized controlled trials to investigate and clarify the effect of psychiatric/psychological management on IBD outcomes.