Neuroregenerative Effects of Electromagnetic Field and Magnetic Nanoparticles on Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) along with electromagnetic fields (MF) exposure on spontaneous and induced axonal sprouting after spinal cord injury (SCI). Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to spinal cord transection at the T13 segment. The IONP (25 μg/mL) embedded in 3% agarose gel was implanted at the injury site and subsequently exposed to MF (50 Hz, 17.96 μT, 2 hours/day for 5 weeks). Histological analysis of spinal cord tissue showed a significant increase in the expression of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 and it was found to be co-localized with neuronal nuclei marker and neurofilaments. The results show sprouting from mature neurons and axons, significantly less demyelination and more myelinated fibers were evident at the lesion site. However, no motor or somatosensory evoked potential response was observed, suggesting lack of long-distance functional connectivity. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of IONPs along with MF exposure in promoting neuroregeneration after SCI.