Least Cost Ration Formulation for Pig Production

STANDARD linear programming techniques have been used to formulate least cost rations for weaner and rowing fattening pigs using analytical data mailable for a wide range of local feed materials, also considering cost per unit of ingredients, nutrient requirements for these two classes of pigs and weight of final mix. The effects of increasing protein levels exclusion of soyabean and cassava from the basic solution, inclusion of two levels of fish meal as well as the changing cost of ingredients on the composition and cost of weaners rations were also examined Based on the technique described weaners’ and growing fattening rations were obtained at the least cost of ₦127.5 and ₦94.8 per tonne respectively. Increasing protein level from 20.26 to 22.26%, resulted in a price increase of ₦8.90 per tonne which represents a 6.98% price increase for a 9.87% change in dietary protein level. Exclusion of cassava and soyabean meal from a 20% protein diet resulted in a negligible price increase, while similar exclusion from a 22% protein diet incurred an additional cost of ₦72 per tonne This increased cost was related to an increased inclusion of the more expensive maize and skim milk powder. Inclusion of 3 and 5% fish meal in the original solution resulted in a 6.75 and 15.5% increase in ration cost, increases which could only be justified under practical conditions by improved animal performance It is concluded that the linear programming techniques may offer a wider scope for considering different alternatives in ration formulation than conventional and currently used methods and may prove more useful in improving profit margins in livestock production enterprises.