Orthotopic liver transplantation after extended bile duct resection as treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Although the surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma represents the only potentially curative option, survival figures remain low over the long term. After hilar and partial hepatic resections for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, locoregional tumor recurrence appears as the primary site of failure. From April 1992 to April 1996, 14 patients underwent extended bile duct resections. Extended bile duct resections combine total hepatectomy, partial pancreatoduodenectomy, and liver transplantation in an attempt to eradicate the entire biliary tract without dissecting the hepatoduodenal ligament. The postoperative 60-day mortality rate was 14% (n = 2).The rate of curative resections was 93% (13 of 14 extended bile duct resections). One- and 4-year survival rates after curative resections were 56% and 30%, respectively. The rate of curative resections increased by combining total hepatectomy, partial pancreatoduodenectomy, and liver transplantation, i. e., extended bile duct resection. However, survival figures have not improved accordingly. Therefore, this extended surgical procedure has to be implemented with caution and possibly not without modifications (e. g., multimodal treatment).