Predicting preference of transcription factors for methylated DNA using sequence information

Abstract Transcription factors play key roles in cell-fate decisions by regulating 3D genome conformation and gene expression. The traditional view is that methylation of DNA hinders transcription factors binding to them, but recent research has shown that many transcription factors prefer to bind to methylated DNA. Therefore, identifying such transcription factors and understanding their functions is a stepping-stone for studying methylation-mediated biological processes. In this paper, a two-step discriminated method was proposed to recognize transcription factors and their preference for methylated DNA based only on sequences information. In the first step, the proposed model was used to discriminate transcription factors from non-transcription factors. The AUCs are 0.9183 and 0.9116, respectively for the 5-fold cross-validation test and independent dataset test. Subsequently, for the classification of transcription factors that prefer methylated DNA and transcription factors that prefer non-methylated DNA, our model could produce the AUCs of 0.7744 and 0.7356, respectively for the 5-fold cross-validation test and independent dataset test. Based on the proposed model, a user-friendly webserver called TFPred was built, which can be freely accessed at http://lin-group.cn/server/TFPred/ .