The TEES Lineup: Non-powered TEES, Powered TEES, and the Dual MES/TEES Approach

While the endoscope plays the starring role in transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES), TEES has a supporting cast of equipment that have helped guarantee its success, particularly the 3-charged-coupled device (CCD) camera and more recently the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras connected to video monitors. These cameras and monitors, which were originally high definition (HD) and more recently ultra HD or 4K, combine to produce clear images that allow surgeons to confidently perform transcanal surgery with an endoscope within the delicate anatomical structures of the middle ear.