Estimation of crop water requirements using remote sensing for operational water resources management
2015
An integrated modeling system, developed in the framework of “Hydromentor” research project, is applied to evaluate
crop water requirements for operational water resources management at Lake Karla watershed, Greece. The framework
includes coupled components for operation of hydrotechnical projects (reservoir operation and irrigation works) and
estimation of agricultural water demands at several spatial scales using remote sensing. The study area was sub-divided
into irrigation zones based on land use maps derived from Landsat 5 TM images for the year 2007. Satellite-based
energy balance for mapping evapotranspiration with internalized calibration (METRIC) was used to derive actual
evapotranspiration (ET) and crop coefficient (ETrF) values from Landsat TM imagery. Agricultural water needs were
estimated using the FAO method for each zone and each control node of the system for a number of water resources
management strategies. Two operational strategies of hydro-technical project development (present situation without
operation of the reservoir and future situation with the operation of the reservoir) are coupled with three water demand
strategies. In total, eight (8) water management strategies are evaluated and compared. The results show that, under the
existing operational water resources management strategies, the crop water requirements are quite large. However, the
operation of the proposed hydro-technical projects in Lake Karla watershed coupled with water demand management
measures, like improvement of existing water distribution systems, change of irrigation methods, and changes of crop
cultivation could alleviate the problem and lead to sustainable and ecological use of water resources in the study area.
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