Prevalência de complicações associadas ao diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em pacientes hospitalizados

Introducao: Diabetes Mellitus e uma doenca cronica de carater evolutivo que acomete cerca de 347 milhoes de pessoas em todo o mundo e aumenta o risco de complicacoes, as quais podem ser muito debilitantes ao individuo e sao muito onerosas ao sistema de saude. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalencia de complicacoes associadas ao diabetes mellitus tipo 2, o estado nutricional e os habitos alimentares de pacientes diabeticos hospitalizados. Metodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo, com pacientes com diagnostico de diabetes mellitus internados em um hospital do municipio de Pelotas. Os dados foram coletados em agosto e setembro de 2016. Foi aplicado um questionario semiestruturado com questoes sobre o consumo alimentar e questoes para avaliar o perfil do paciente, o tempo de diagnostico, o tratamento medicamentoso e as complicacoes apresentadas na internacao, alem de serem coletadas medidas de altura, peso e circunferencia da cintura. As analises estatisticas foram feitas no Stata® com nivel de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: A amostra foi constituida majoritariamente (57,0%) de homens, com idade superior a 60 anos (72,0%), que usavam insulina (68,0%) e, que apresentaram como complicacoes mais prevalentes a hiperglicemia na internacao (62,6%), doenca cardiaca (48,0%) e retinopatia diabetica (47,0%). Conclusao: As complicacoes mais frequentes foram: hiperglicemia, doenca cardiaca e retinopatia diabetica. ABSTRACT Prevalence of complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients hospitalized Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease of evolutionary character that affects about 347 million people around the world and increases the risk of other diseases, which can be very debilitating to the individual and are very costly to the health system. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of complications associated with diabetes, nutritional status and dietary habits of patients with type 2 DM and admitted to a hospital in the city of Pelotas, RS. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus admitted in a hospital in the city of Pelotas. The date were collected in August and September 2016. A questionnaire was applied semiestructured with questions about food consumption and questions for evaluating the patient profile, the time of diagnosis, treatment and the reason for hospitalization, besides being collected measures of height, weight and waist circumference. Statistical analyzes were performed in STATA ® with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: The sample was composed in the majority (57.0%) of men, en the vast majority of patients using insulin (68.0%) and took medication hypoglycemic (61.0%). As for the complications hyperglycemia on admission (62.6%) followed by heart disease (48.0%) were the most frequent. Conclusion: The majority as most frequent complications is hyperglycemia, heart disease and diabetic retinopathy.