Formation of Schoolchildren’s Musical Abilities: Psychological and Pedagogical Aspect

The article is devoted to the complex psychological-pedagogical problem, the formation of musical abilities of schoolchildren. Its complexity is connected with the necessity of creating effective diagnostic methods that could be used in the real educational process, the peculiarities of the formation of musicality in the conditions of collective learning, taking into account the internal and external factors influencing this process, with the unevenness of the development of individual components of musicality etc. From the problematic range of issues developed by scientists, the ones that are related to the nature of musical abilities, their structure, the essence of the very process of formation and its patterns, features of the development of musicality as children of all ages, and their belonging to different social groups are singled out. Abilities are considered as one of the basic qualities of the psyche, which are closely related to the general orientation of the individual. The article analyzes several approaches of scientists to the problem of structuring musical abilities (N. Vetlugina,V. Ostromensky, B. Teplov, etc.) and focuses on the analysis of the structure of musicality proposed by B. Teplov. Today, the overwhelming majority of scientists believe that it is this structure that most fully reflects the studied phenomenon, and the conclusions made by B. Teplov, constitute the methodological basis of the theory of musicality and give answers to the numerous questions posed by researchers and teachers-practitioners.