Pharmacokinetic characterization of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) fruit extract standardized to α-mangostin in C57BL/6 mice

Abstract Previously, we have reported the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of α -mangostin in mice. For this study, we evaluated the PK profile of α -mangostin using a standardized mangosteen extract in C57BL/6 mice. The primary objective was to determine the PK properties of α -mangostin when administered as an extract. This experiment was designed to test our primary hypothesis that α -mangostin in an extract should achieve a desirable PK profile. This is especially relevant as dietary supplements of mangosteen fruit are regularly standardized to α -mangostin. Mice received 100 mg/kg of mangosteen fruit extract orally, equivalent to 36 mg/kg of α -mangostin, and plasma samples were analyzed over a 24-hour period. Concentrations of α -mangostin were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, we evaluated the stability in the presence of phase I and phase II enzymes in liver and gastrointestinal microsomes. Furthermore, we identified evidence of phase II metabolism of α -mangostin. Further research will be required to determine if less abundant xanthones present in the mangosteen may modulate the PK parameters of α -mangostin.