A 2000 és 2019 közötti időszakban Magyarországon elkövetett, befejezett öngyilkosságok statisztikai elemzése

Osszefoglalo. Bevezetes: Az ongyilkossag regota jelentős problema hazankban. Celkitűzes: Az elmult 20 ev soran elkovetett, befejezett ongyilkossagok elemzese harom időintervallumban (2000-2006, 2006-2010, 2010-2019) nemek, korcsoportok, az elkovetesi mod, a csaladi allapot es a munkanelkuliseg szempontjabol. Tovabbi celunk volt a pszichiatriai ellatast negativan erintő, 2007. evi egeszsegugyi reform suicid halalozassal valo osszefuggeseinek vizsgalata. Modszer: A suicid halalozast a Kozponti Statisztikai Hivatal adatainak felhasznalasaval elemeztuk. Az evenkenti suicid ratat 100 000 lakosra adtuk meg. Az adatok statisztikai feldolgozasahoz az Excel 2011-es, az SPSS 23-as es az amerikai NIH Jointpoint programjanak 4.8.0.1-as verziojat hasznaltuk. Eredmenyek: 2000 es 2019 kozott 51,4%-kal csokkent a suicid halalozas (nők: 15,57 vs. 7,69/100 000 fő; ferfiak: 51,5 vs. 24,73/100 000 fő, osszlakossag: 32,61 vs. 15,85/100 000 fő). A legnagyobb mertekben a ferfiak es a kozepkoruak koreben csokkent a mortalitasi rata, a legkevesbe a fiatal, egyedulallo nőknel. A leggyakoribb elkovetesi mod valtozatlanul az akasztas (58,4%). A 20 evig tarto ratacsokkenes 2006 utan tobb evre megtorpant, es egeszen 2010-ig nagyjabol konstans maradt (24,43 vs. 24,88/100 000 fő). Azt feltetelezzuk, hogy ennek hattereben jelentős reszben a pszichiatriai ellatorendszert negativan erintő, 2007-ben bevezetett egeszsegugyi reform allt. Ez a megtores kimutathato volt szinte minden korcsoportnal, a leggyakoribb elkovetesi modoknal, es egyarant erintette a hajadonokat/nőtleneket, a hazasokat, az ozvegyeket es az elvaltakat. Csak 2010 utan kezdődott ujra a suicid mortalitas szignifikans csokkenese. Az utolso 10 ev alatt 36,3%-kal csokkent a suicid mortalitas (24,88 vs. 15,85/100 000 fő), ami kiemelkedő eredmeny az europai orszagok koreben. Kovetkeztetes: Egy elhibazott, a pszichiatriai ellatorendszert sujto egeszsegugyi reform kovetkezmenyekent az addig egyenletesen csokkenő suicid halalozas uteme 2006 utan megtort, es nehany evig stagnalt. Tobb evig tartott, mire bizonyos mertekig rendeződott a pszichiatriai ellatorendszer, es ennek koszonhetően 2010 utan ismet folyamatosan es szignifikansan csokkent a suicid mortalitas. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(32): 1283-1296. SUMMARY INTRODUCTION In Hungary, suicide has been a major public health issue for a long time. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine data on completed suicide cases in Hungary from a 20-year period divided into three intervals (2000-2006; 2006-2010; 2010-2019) grouped by sex, age, methods of commitment, marital and employment statuses. An auxiliary aim was to assess the associations between the healthcare reform in 2007 (with unfavourable impacts on the psychiatric care system) and suicide mortality. METHOD Data on suicide were provided by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. In all cases, the yearly suicide rates were given for 100 000 inhabitants. For statistical calculations, we used Excel 2011, SPSS v. 23 and NIH Joinpoint Regression Program v. 4.8.0.1. RESULTS Between 2000 and 2019, there was a 51.4% reduction in the suicide mortality (females: 15.57 vs. 7.69/100 000; males: 51.5 vs. 24.73/100 000; total population: 32.61 vs. 15.85/100 000). The greatest declines occurred among males and middle-aged. At the same time, the rate of young single females declined only slightly. The most common method of commitment remained hanging (58.4%). During the 20-year-long period investigated, there was a temporary halt between 2006 (24.43/100 000) and 2010 (24.88/100 000) in the otherwise steadily declining trend of the rate. One of the major underlying causes of this plateau is presumed to be the healthcare reform commenced in 2007 with negative impacts on psychiatric services. This plateau was observable in almost all subpopulations irrespective of their age, marital status and the suicide method they used. The decline of the rate restarted only after 2010. In the last 10 years, suicide mortality has decreased by 36.3% (from 24.88 to 15.85/100 000) in Hungary, which is a very good result in a European comparison. CONCLUSION Due to an unsound health reform threatening the psychiatric care, the previously experienced declining trend of the suicide rate halted in 2006 and has remained almost unchanged for a few years during which psychiatric services could be restored in some degree. From 2010, as a consequence of this restoration, the marked decline of the suicide rate restarted and has been remained stable. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(32): 1283-1296.