Urinary Tract Trauma

Only 43% of ureteral trauma cases present with hematuria, and therefore there are no pathognomonic signs of ureteral trauma. The diagnosis is usually performed by the visualization of contrast leakage into the retroperitoneum on helical computed tomography (CT) with late cuts. Excretory urography and retrograde pyelography are more precise exams. Grade I and II injuries can be treated by ureteral stent implantation or nephrostomy.